2017八年级下册英语第二单元知识点

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八年级下册英语第二单元知识点1

【重点语法】

动词不定式

动词不定式的基本结构为“to+动词原形 ”(有时可不加to)。在句中除不能充当谓语外，其他成分都可充当，如：主语、表语、宾语、状语、宾语补足语、定语等。在八上已讲过作宾语的用法。在此主要讲作宾语补足语和状语的用法。

(1) 作宾语补足语。

动词不定式作宾语补足语，放在宾语的后面，表示宾语是什么或怎么样。有to do 和 to be 两种形式。

The doctor advised him to take a good rest.

I find English to be very easy.

提示：在ask, tell, want, would like, advise, invite, teach,等动词或短语之后，常接带to的不定式做宾语补足语。

We asked him to sing a pop song at the party.

① 动词不定式作宾语补足语时，不定式符号to在使役动词(have, make, let)、感官动词(feel, hear, watch, see, notice等)的后面时要省略。但他们变为被动语态时，不定式符号to不能省略。

The boss made the workers work over ten hours a day in the past.

= The workers were made to work over ten hours a day by the boss in the past.

② 动词help接不定式做宾语补足语时，不定式符号to可省略也可不省略。

He often comes to help us (to) do some farm work.

(2)作状语

① 表目的：表目的时，不定式可放在句子的前面也可放在句子的末尾。但在句子前面时，不定式常与句子用逗号隔开;而在句子末尾时一般不用逗号隔开。

To get there on time, we set out at five in the morning.

He goes there to enjoy the fresh air.

② 表结果：不定式做结果状语，一般位于句子末尾。

I went to the classroom, to discover it empty.

动词短语

1.动词短语是指动词和介词或副词等搭配而构成的短语。

2.动词短语主要有以下四种构成形式：

(1)动词+介词

如：agree with, ask for, arrive in/at, come from, get to, get on, get off, look after, take after等。

注：这类动词短语后面的宾语无论是名词还是代词，都要放在介词之后。

Eg: I am looking for my pen. I have been looking for it for two hours.

• (2) 动词+副词

• 如：give out, look up, put up, put off, write down ,cheer up, turn off/ on, find out, hand out等。

• 注：这类动词短语后面的宾语是名词时，名词可放在副词之后，也可放在副词之前;宾语是代词时，带刺只能放在副词之前。

• Eg: Please pick up the pen.

• =Please pick the pen up.

• Can you pick it up.

• 3)动词+名词+介词

• 如：make friends with, pay attention to , take care of, look forward to等。

• 注：在这类动词短语中，并与都放在介词之后。

• Eg: She stayed at home to take care of the baby.

• (4)动词+形容词+介词

• 如：be angry with, be busy with, be good/bad for, be different from, be interested in , be good at , be famous for等。

• Eg: Hangzhou is famous for the West Lake.

八年级下册英语第二单元知识点2

【重点句型】

1. What's the matter with you?= What'the trouble with you?

= What's wrong with you? 你怎么了?

2. What should she do? 她该怎么办呢?

3.Should I take my temperature? 我应该量一下体温吗?

4.You should lie down and rest. 你应该躺下休息一会儿。

5. Do you think it comes from a newspaper or a book? 你认为它是来自报纸还是书呢?

6. I think I sat in the same way for too long without moving.我想我以同样的姿势一动不动地坐得太久了。

7. She said that the man had a heart problem and should go to the hospital. 她说这个人有心脏病应该去医院。

八年级下册英语第二单元知识点3

基本知识点

1. sick 生病的，有病的;可在句中作表语Mary could not come because she is sick.

也可作定语a sick child

【区别ill】ill与sick同义;但是只在句中做表语，不做定语。Mary could not come because she is ill.

2. cheer (sb.) up(让某人)变得高兴;振奋起来The good news cheered up everyone in our class.

3. give out分发;散发，相当于hand out，The teacher is giving out/ handing out the test papers.

give sth. out to sb. 意为 把某物分发给某人 。

4. volunteer 【名词】志愿者 【动词】义务做，自愿做(某事)volunteer to do sth. 自愿做某事 ，

The girls could volunteer in an after-school study program.

5. used to do sth.过去/曾经(常)做某事，表示过去的习惯、动作或状态，并强调现在已经不再存在或发生。

There used to be a cinema here. 这里曾有一个照相机。

They told me stories about the past and how things used to be. 他们告诉我关于这里过去的故事。

6. alone 【形容词】独自一人的，无感情色彩：The musician enjoyed living alone and writing songs himself.

lonely (感到)孤独寂寞的，带有很强的感情色彩，可做表语或定语。The lonely boy is not lonely now.

7. care for sb./sth.照顾;照料……

care 【名词】小心，关心take care of=look after →【动词】care about sb./sth.关心，在意某人/事

→【形容词】careful 仔细的 / careless 粗心的 →【副词】carefully 仔细地

8. such “这样的，这种，如此”，用于修饰名词

such+ a/ an+形容词+单数名词：such a good day 多么美好的一天 /such an exciting match 多么 精彩的比赛

such+形容词+复数名词/不可数名词：such important decisions 多么重要的建议 such delicious food 多么美味的食物

如果名词前被many, much, few, little修饰时，只能用so，而不用such：so many sick children/ so little time

9. try out for…参加…选拔，争取成为…Thirty football players tried out for the Best Player of the year.

try out试用，试验

10. journey 【名词】(尤指长途)旅行，行程;trip【名词】多指短途旅行;

travel【名词、动词】travel around the world →【名词】traveler旅行者

11.【复习】be busy with sth. 忙于(做)什么事情 be busy doing sth. 忙于(做)什么事情

12.【复习】try doing sth. 试着去做某事 try to do sth. 尽力去做某事 try one’s best (to do sth.) 尽某人最大的努力去做某事

13.【复习】be worried about sb./ sth. = worry about sb./ sth. 担心某人、某事

14. raise money集资，筹钱;raise money for…为……筹钱

raise【动词】举起;提高;募集

15. keep【动词】keep+名词，保留(某物);keep+形容词，保持

16.【形容词】broken破损的，出毛病的;blind瞎的，失明的;deaf聋的;disabled有残疾的，丧失能力的;在句中做定语和表语。

make it possible (for sb.) to do sth.使(某人)做某事成为可能，

You helped to make it possible for me to have Lucky.

make it +形容词(+for sb.) to do sth. 使(某人)做某事成为…;

think/find it +形容词to do sth.

18. make a difference to…对……有影响;对……有作用，difference前可以用no, any, some, much等修饰，如

The rain made no difference to the game.

Hard-working makes much difference to study.

19. difficulty【可数/不可数】表示抽象意义的“困难”时为不可数;表示具体的“难题、难事”时为可数;

have difficulty (in) doing sth.= have trouble (in) doing sth. 做某事有困难

20. train【动词】训练，trained为过去分词，可做定语，意为“受过训练的”a trained dog

21. be excited about sth. 对某事感到兴奋 ，Everyone is excited about the good news.

【复习】excited意为 兴奋的，修饰人;exciting意为 令人兴奋/激动的，修饰物。

22. order【名词】命令，指示;顺序，次序【动词】订购;点(菜)follow the order。

23. change【动词】变化，改变It’s hard for a person to change his life(style). 【名词】变化;零钱

change A for B用A换成B：When you travel in China, remember to change US dollars for RMB.

repair 【动词】修理，修补; fix【动词】安装;使固定 【fix up修理=repair】

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