初高中英语语法知识

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初高中英语语法知识：重点单词及短语

I. upset心烦意乱的 ignore不理睬，忽视calm使(平静) concern使(担忧) outdoor户外的 dusk黄昏 thunder打雷，雷声 entire完全的 suffer遭受，忍受 loose松的 teenager青少年 suitcase手提箱

curtain窗帘 highway公路，大陆

II.calm sb down使某人平静 be concerned about担心，关心

go through经历 set down记下，写下 a series of一连串的

on purpose故意 in order to为了 at dusk在黄昏时刻

settle down安家;定居 face to face面对面地 no longer;not …any longer不再 suffer from illness患病 suffer loss遭受损失;忍受 recover from a cold从感冒中痊愈 pack something up捆扎，包扎 take part in参加 walk sb陪某人散步 walk the dog遛狗

disagree with somebody不同意某人 get on/along well with somebody与某人相处很好 get /be tired of sb/sth对某人、某物厌烦 fall in love with爱上某人 be crazy about对…迷恋 add up all the numbers加起来所有数字 add to the beauty增添了美丽 add…to把…加到…里

add up to 200共计200 have trouble/difficulty with sth在某事上有麻烦

have trouble/difficulty in doing sth做某事有麻烦 get loose 松了

have got to=have to 不得不 haven’t got to=don’t have to

go on holiday去度假 cheat in the exam作弊 happen to do碰巧做某事

初高中英语语法知识：词形变化

upset—upset—upset---upsetting; ignore---ignorant(adj，无知的)---ignorance(n,无知);outdoor(adj，an outdoor hotel)—outdoors(副词go outdoors);entire---entirely(副词);dust(名词，灰尘)--dusty(形容词，布满灰尘的);Germany(形容词，德国的;德国人的)---German(名词，德国，德国人);lonely(形容词，孤独的)--loneliness(名词，孤单);exact(形容词，精确的)---exactly(副词);like—dislike(反义词); go through—went through---gone through(经历)

初高中英语语法知识：重点单词

1. get sb to do sth，make/have sb do sth 让某人做某事

get/make/have sb doing sth让某人一直做某事

get/have/make sth done让别人来做这件事;某事被做

I got my car repaired yeaterday. get my hair cut理头发

get my tooth pulled out拔牙

2. ignore忽视(故意地)，neglect忽略(不是故意的)

3. should have done本该做但却没做;shouldn’t have done本不该做却做了

4. be concerned about关心，担忧; be concerned with与…有关，参与

The meeting was concerned _with___ reforms and everyone present was concerned ____about_ their own interests.

5. it is/was…that/who…强调句

(1)区分强调句与定语从句，一要看去掉it is/was…that/who之后句子完整不完整;二要看作用是强调句子的某一部分还是修饰句子某一部分，若是强调则为强调句，修饰则为定语从句

比如：This is Monday when he met his classmates.(定语从句)

这就是他遇见他同学的那个周一。

It is on Monday that he met his classmates.(强调句)

就是在周一他遇见他同学的。

(2)如是一般疑问句，强调结构用 “”Be it…that(who)…?”,如果原句是特殊疑问句，则用“特殊疑问词+be+it…that(who)…?”

Is it at the end of 2001 that China joined WTO?

When is it at the end of 2001 that China joined WTO?

(3) 如原句中含有“not…until”,强调时，将not 连状语一起强调

It was not until she took off her hat that I recognized her.

(4)人称，时态要保持一致

It is Tom that/who helps me solve the problem.

It was you who had the book.

6. 区分dare实义动词与情态动词的用法

实义动词： dare/dares/dared to do, doesn’t /didn’t/don’t dare to do 不定式结构，且dare 随人称变化

情态动词： dare do, dare not do 不带to，且dare不随人称变化，但有dared do/ dared not do 就像can，may一样，它也有过去式

7. It is the first time that sb has/have done sth这是某人第一次做什么事

It was the first time that sb had done sth.

8. in order to 用于句首，句中， so as to只用于句中

9. take part in， join， attend， join in区别

join+群体 (join the army参军，join them加入他们，join the Party入党)

join in+竞赛，娱乐，活动

take part in参加群众性活动并起积极作用。 比如，I took part in the Sports Meeting and won the first.

Attend正式的，参加会议，婚礼等，attending the meeting, wedding ceremony

10. 省略

a. When seen from the top of the building, the buses looks small.

b. While walking through the park, we saw a fine flower show.

当主句和从句主语一致时，可省略。如果是主动，就用现在分词;被动就用过去分词。

a句原句是when the bus is seen from the top of the building, the buses looks small.把从句里的主语和be动词去掉，就剩seen。

B句原句是while we were walking through the park，we saw a fine flower show。把从句中的主语和be动词去掉，剩walking

所以，如是主动从句中就用现在分词，被动就用过去分词

11. it is no pleasure doing sth.做…没乐趣

it is no fun doing sth做…没乐趣

it is no use doing sth做…没用

it is no good doing sth做…没好处

12. sb think/find it +adj+ to do sth某事发现做某事…

I found it easy to learn English.

初高中英语语法知识：直接引语，间接引语

I. 三变化

a. 人称变化 I told him, “I don’t agree with you.”

I told him that I didn’t agree with him.

b. 时态变化

如主句中是一般现在是或将来时，则间接引语中的时态不变;如果是过去式，则需做下列变化：

一般现在时----一般过去时 现在进行时----过去进行时

现在完成时----过去完成时 一般过去时----过去完成时

一般将来时----过去将来时 过去完成时不变

c.指示代词， this—that; these—those

时间状语，now—then; today----that day; tonight---that night; tomorrow—the next day; yesterday---the day before; next week---the next week

地点状语, here—there

及方向性动词变化,bring—take, come—go

II. 直接引语变间接引语“三不变”

(1) 客观真理

He said, “Light travels much faster than sound.”

-------He said that light travels much faster than sound.

(2) 直接引语中有明确时间

He said, “I was born in 1990 in Beijing.”

--------He said that he was born in 1990 in Beijing.

(3) 名人名言

He said, “Where there is a will, there is a way.”

-------He said that where there is a will, there is a way.

III. 疑问句

(1)一般疑问句中，用whether或if引导，陈述语序，如是said改为asked

She said, “Is your father at home?”

--------She asked whether/ if my father was at home.

(2) 特殊疑问句中，特殊疑问词+陈述语序

My friend asked me, “What do you do every morning?”

-------My friend asked me what I did do every morning.

(3)祈使句转化为间接引语时，使变成带to的不定式

She said to us, “Please sit down.”-------She told us to sit down.

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